Direct method

Direct method (education)
The direct method, sometimes also called "natural method", is a method for teaching foreign languages that refrains from using the learners' native language and just uses the target language. It was established in Germany and France around 1900. Characteristic features of the direct method are
* teaching vocabulary through pantomiming, realia and other visuals
* teaching grammar by using an inductive approach (i.e. having learners find out rules through the presentation of adequate linguistic forms in the target language)
* centrality of spoken language (including a native-like pronunciation)
* focus on question-answer patterns
* teacher-centeredness

Principles

1.Classroom instructions are conducted exclusively in the target language.
2.Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught. (The language is made real.)
3.Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes.
4.Grammar is taught inductively.
5.New teaching points are introduced orally.
6.Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pic­tures; abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.
7.Both speech and listening comprehensions are taught.
8.Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.